Biofouling is the growth of organisms below the waterline of a ship. It increases the total mass of the ship and so fuel consumption up to 40% and with this CO2-emissions. Self-polishing coatings that use biocides, toxins and plastic are predominantly used

Since the 1960s, the industry has used self-eroding coatings that wash-off over time and release toxins like tributyltin (TBT). However, a distinction must be made between hard and self-polishing coatings. Hard coatings release biocides over time, but the matrix remains. Self-polishing coatings abrade completely under mechanical stress. This grinds the incipient biofilm with microplastics and biocides into the water. Alternative coatings, such as silicone-based thin films, have not taken off, because they are either impractical or not durable enough. "Ecoating" is the first biocide-free and truly hard coating that does not wash off or release toxins into the ocean. It is also solvent-free and has no micropores due to evaporation, but a uniquely smooth surface. The material combines a patented nanostructured ceramic particle with a polymer. This combination makes it exceptionally abrasion resistant, durable and flexible. The smooth surface allows effortless cleaning (even in water), making it easy to remove biofouling without damaging the surface. This marks a turning point in antifouling management. Together with cleaning solutions - such as autonomous robots or cleaning stations in ports - biofouling can be actively managed at a very early stage (even on a slime level), rather than as a routine matter afterwards.